1)Carr explains that the internet makes us stupid because its silicon memory is a tremendous boon to thinking but comes at an enormous price. First, “the internet chips away scholars’ capacity to concentrate and contemplate ideas. It is a passive information channel that may have detrimental impacts in shaping the process of thought and supplying ideas.” (pp. 2) Second, the internet configures the mind to take information as shallowly as provided – a swiftly moving stream of particles. It prevents an individual from critiquing the content and getting into finer details. Carr draws his evidence from fellow scholars who have testified to having trouble focusing on long pieces of writing due to prolonged use of the Web. He reiterates that Scott Karp, an online media blogger and once voracious book reader, confessed to having stopped reading books altogether. The internet provides convenience and laxity in obtaining vital information, thereby reducing readers’ cognitive ability (pp. 3). Also, individuals drawing content from the Web usually employ skimming, hopping from one website to another rather than comprehensive reading. This approach brews shallow thinking. Therefore, “the internet makes readers stupid by disengaging their ability to interpret text and make rich mental connections that form when they read deeply and void of distractions.” (pp.4)
2)Having immediate access to a vibrant store of information is convenient. However, it may have several adverse effects on the readers. First, the readers may lose their ability to concentrate and contemplate the content (pp. 2). Carr draws evidence from Marshall McLuhan that suggested that media are just passive channels of information, depriving scholars of skills developed through active reading. Second, readers lose the cognitive ability to critique, approve and assimilate information. Carr explains that Bruce Friedman, a regular blogger in the field of Medicine, admitted that the internet had interfered significantly with his mental habits. He could barely read and absorb the facts in a longish web or printed article (pp. 3). From a personal perspective, I find it relatively challenging to visit the library and find a physical book to conduct my research. This occurrence is attributed to ability to obtain all the information I consider relevant for my scholarly work simply at the touch of a button on my smartphone. Nevertheless, some sites often provide unverified content, leading to misinformation.
3)Shirkey argues that scholars can experiment with new areas of knowledge in a much easier way by constantly having access to the internet. However, this approach has its advantages and disadvantages. The pros include: “The approach inculcates new and better reading and writing cultures. It promotes hyperactive and data-stoked minds as individuals navigate the Web, thereby spearheading a golden age of intellectual discoveries and universal wisdom” (pp. 10). It provides a new and refreshing experience to studying as opposed to conventional printed content. The cons include: “It deprives the readers of the valuable kind of deeply-engrossed reading that only a sequence of printed pages could offer” (pp. 11). Also, reading through the internet is prone to uncalled-for distractions. Therefore, the readers find it challenging to contemplate information, draw inferences and analogies and foster their ideas. It subjects readers to information overload and unnecessary pressure while trying to grasp the enormous content at once.
4)I think that the internet if used appropriately, provides scholars with new knowledge at their convenience. However, it also melts the brains of individuals who dismiss printed peer-reviewed factual content and those who do not take sufficient time to critique information derived from the Web. Therefore, the internet should be used cautiously to help readers with useful information without demeaning their cognitive capabilities.

